[Diseases with high incidence of gallstone complication]

Gallstones are often complicated with diseases such as liver cirrhosis, hemolytic anemia, post-valvular replacement, post-gastrectomy, biliary tract cancers, diabetes mellitus, and during clofibrate therapy. The frequency of gallstones, types of stones and their pathogenesis in these situations are discussed in this chapter. In liver cirrhosis, hemolytic anemia and post-valvular replacement, black stone formation is enhanced due to bilirubin over-production, caused mainly by hemolysis. Bilirubin stone formation is accelerated gastrectomy and by biliary tract cancer, because of the decrease in gallbladder contraction, cholestasis and bacterial infection, etc. The incidence of cholesterol gallstone is high in patients with diabetes mellitus and with clofibrate therapy.