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Related Experiment Videos

Relation between apex cardiogram and changes in left ventricular pressure and dimension

A Venco, D G Gibson, D J Brown

    British Heart Journal
    |February 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    Apex cardiogram-echocardiography loops reveal abnormal left ventricular (LV) wall motion in heart disease patients. This method effectively detects incoordinate LV contraction, offering insights into cardiac mechanics.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Diagnostic Imaging

    Background:

    • The apex cardiogram (ACG) provides indirect information about left ventricular (LV) dynamics.
    • Echocardiography allows direct measurement of LV dimensions.
    • Integrating ACG with echocardiography may enhance the assessment of LV function.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the relationship between apex cardiogram signals and left ventricular pressure and dimension changes.
    • To evaluate the utility of combined apex cardiogram-echocardiography in detecting abnormal left ventricular contraction patterns.

    Main Methods:

    • Simultaneous recording of apex cardiogram, left ventricular pressure (micromanometer), and left ventricular dimensions (echocardiography).
    • Analysis of ACG-derived timing relative to LV pressure upstroke and downstroke.

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  • Construction and analysis of apex cardiogram-echocardiography dimension loops in normal subjects and patients with various heart conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Apex cardiogram showed delays relative to LV pressure upstroke and downstroke in some patients.
    • Normal subjects exhibited minimal LV dimensional changes synchronous with ACG.
    • Patients with mitral regurgitation, aortic regurgitation, and ischemic heart disease demonstrated abnormal LV wall motion patterns during specific ACG phases.
    • Apex cardiogram-echocardiography dimension loops effectively visualized these abnormalities, including incoordinate contractions.

    Conclusions:

    • Apex cardiogram-echocardiography dimension loops are a sensitive tool for detecting abnormal left ventricular wall motion and incoordinate contractions.
    • This integrated approach offers valuable diagnostic information in patients with diverse cardiac pathologies.
    • The method provides insights analogous to pressure-dimension loops for assessing cardiac mechanics.