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Countermeasures for ameliorating in-flight immune dysfunction

B B Fuchs1, A E Medvedev

  • 1Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia.

Journal of Leukocyte Biology
|September 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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Spaceflight impacts T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, while humoral immunity remains largely resistant. Immunotherapy strategies may mitigate these space-induced immune changes, similar to acute stress responses.

Area of Science:

  • Space immunology
  • Space medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Spaceflight poses unique challenges to the human immune system.
  • Understanding immune responses to spaceflight is crucial for astronaut health.
  • Previous research indicates varied immune cell sensitivities to spaceflight factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze immune disturbances induced by spaceflight.
  • To propose corrective immunotherapy approaches for spaceflight-related immune changes.
  • To review current immunotherapy methods applicable to space medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of humoral immunity (B cells, immunoglobulins) and cellular immunity (T cells, NK cells) in humans and animals.
  • Assessment of lymphocyte reactivity to mitogens (lipopolysaccharide, phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A) and cellular functions (cytotoxicity, interferon production).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Investigation of microgravity effects on isolated cells and bone marrow cell responses.

    • Main Results:

    • Humoral immunity showed significant resistance to spaceflight factors, with minor reversible increases in IgA/IgG.
    • Profound decreases in T cell and NK cell content and function were observed during prolonged spaceflights.
    • Microgravity and spaceflight stressors influenced lymphocytes in a tissue-specific manner, with suppressed T cell activation and reduced signaling.

    Conclusions:

    • Spaceflight-induced immune dysfunctions, particularly in T and NK cells, are significant and could lead to health issues.
    • Immune changes in space resemble those seen in acute stress, suggesting stress-related immunotherapy.
    • Current immunotherapy options like vaccines, antibodies, and immunomodulators are relevant for space medicine.