Hypothesis: the central oscillator of the circadian clock is a controlled chaotic attractor

Controlled chaos may be important for the generation of rhythmic behaviour in living systems. A model is proposed in which the central circadian oscillator is a chaotic attractor. Whereas a limit cycle mechanism (previously invoked to explain circadian clocks as well as ultradian clocks and cell division cycles) can provide only a single stable periodic orbit, a chaotic attractor can generate rich dynamic behaviour. Control by feedback makes accessible a selected stabilized orbit; this can be chosen so as to optimize system performance. Such a system can accommodate a wide variety of requirements, e.g. that a single clock mutation can affect both period and temperature compensation, and the generation of higher periods from an ultradian oscillator. Simultaneous operation of more than one clock (with differing periods) may require a high-dimension chaotic attractor. Attractive features of such a model include versatility of period selection (e.g. as in the per mutants of Drosophila) and the use of control elements of the type already well known in metabolic circuitry.