Polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome, characterized by hyperandrogenism and menstrual irregularities, is a heterogeneous group of disorders that can disrupt normal hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian function. Ovarian physiology is reviewed with regard to possible etiologies for excessive androgen secretion. Similar features may be present in errors in steroidogenesis, hyperprolactinemia, androgen-secreting tumors, and Cushing's syndrome. Analysis of the interrelationships between the reproductive axis and carbohydrate metabolism suggests that the associated insulin resistance can induce hyperandrogenism. Improved understanding of the various etiologies may expand the therapeutic options for patients.