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Related Experiment Video

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Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese
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Published on: April 1, 2016

Naming as a function of linguistic form-class and object categories

M M Akiyama1, S A Wilcox

  • 1Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Michigan, Dearborn 48128.

Journal of Child Language
|June 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Children’s word learning depends on whether they are naming objects or substances. They rely on object properties for substances but linguistic cues for objects, influencing early word acquisition.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Children learning to name objects face a complex task.
  • They must integrate various cues, including linguistic properties of words and perceptual characteristics of items.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether children prioritize linguistic information (mass vs. count nouns) or object category information (objects vs. substances) when naming.
  • To understand how children conceptualize object names in relation to item characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • A grinder test was employed, where substances retain identity through transformation, unlike objects.
  • Children aged 3-8 were presented with transformed items (substances, objects, food) and asked if the same name applied.
  • Nonsense mass and count nouns were used in a second experiment with unfamiliar items.

Main Results:

  • Children accepted the same name for food items, prioritizing perceptual information over linguistic cues.
  • For objects, children relied on linguistic information (count nouns), ignoring perceptual similarities.
  • In a second experiment, children used perceptual information for food items, even with nonsense labels.

Conclusions:

  • Children actively conceptualize object names based on item characteristics.
  • The study highlights the interplay between linguistic and perceptual information in early word learning.
  • Findings suggest children's naming strategies adapt based on the type of item being named.