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Suffering and its relationship to pain

C R Chapman1, J Gavrin

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington, Seattle.

Journal of Palliative Care
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Pain and suffering share common ground in negative emotions. Understanding their physiological basis, involving the limbic system and stress response, can improve patient care.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Palliative Care

Background:

  • Pain is a complex, multidimensional perception with sensory and affective features, often resembling a perceived threat.
  • Suffering involves a perceived threat to self-integrity, helplessness, and depleted coping resources.
  • Both pain and suffering share negative emotion as a common element.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the physiological basis of suffering by examining mechanisms of pain, negative emotional arousal, and stress.
  • To understand the causal influences of persistent pain and other stressors on suffering.

Main Methods:

  • Examination of central physiological mechanisms underlying pain, negative emotional arousal, and stress.
  • Analysis of limbic processing of aversive stimulation.
  • Assessment of disturbances in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adreno-cortical (HPA) axis.

Main Results:

  • Central mechanisms involve limbic system processing of aversive stimuli.
  • Disturbances in the HPA axis lead to biological disequilibrium.
  • Persistent pain and stressors contribute to suffering through these physiological pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Pain and suffering are linked through shared negative emotional and physiological pathways.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for addressing suffering.
  • Palliative care specialists can proactively and reactively manage suffering by treating pain and promoting psychosocial well-being.

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