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Pseudomembranous colitis

T C Counihan1, P L Roberts

  • 1Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, Massachusetts.

The Surgical Clinics of North America
|October 1, 1993
PubMed
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Pseudomembranous colitis, an inflammatory colon condition, is often caused by Clostridium difficile bacteria after antibiotic use. Prompt diagnosis and treatment with vancomycin or metronidazole are crucial to reduce high mortality rates.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Pseudomembranous colitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the colon and rectum.
  • Characterized by elevated mucosal plaques, it is frequently linked to antibiotic therapy.
  • The primary cause is toxin production by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium difficile.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics, causes, and treatment of pseudomembranous colitis.
  • To emphasize the importance of timely diagnosis and management.
  • To highlight potential complications and the need for prompt intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pseudomembranous colitis.
  • Analysis of etiological factors, particularly antibiotic-associated Clostridium difficile infection.

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  • Summary of current therapeutic strategies and management guidelines.

    • Main Results:

    • Clostridium difficile toxin elaboration is the key pathogenic mechanism.
    • Oral vancomycin or metronidazole are the primary treatments.
    • Delayed diagnosis and treatment are associated with high mortality.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective management of pseudomembranous colitis relies on early recognition and appropriate antimicrobial therapy.
    • Prompt treatment significantly impacts patient outcomes and reduces mortality.
    • Surgical intervention may be necessary for severe complications like colonic perforation.