[Transient intestinal pseudo-obstruction syndrome in premature infants]

A chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction is sometimes seen in premature neonates who are fed early and subsequently suffer from digestive intolerance for several weeks.

Seven premature babies (mean gestational age: 30.5 weeks, mean birthweight: 950 g) suffered from abdominal distension and failure to pass stools at a mean age of 2.5 days (extremes: 1 to 6 days); 2 of them also had vomiting. X-ray examination showed dilated loops of bowel throughout the abdomen without obstructive changes; barium or Gastrografin studies demonstrated inertia of the colon without obstructive changes or abrupt changes in caliber. Histological examination of enteric nerve cells in 2 cases showed normal maturation. Parenteral nutrition was necessary in all patients for 30 to 78 days (mean: 47), followed by continuous enteral feeding for 24 to 48 days (mean: 37). Septicemia complicated parenteral nutrition in 4 babies and was responsible for the death of 1 of them. Normal evacuation of stools occurred between day 27 and day 91 (mean day 46) allowing normal enteral feeding. All 6 patients, now aged 2.5 to 8 years (mean 3.5 years) are in good health, and have no digestive problems.

Immaturity of intestinal motility may occur in some premature neonates suffering from intestinal ileus. Parenteral nutrition may be necessary for several weeks, but spontaneous recovery is usual. This transient intestinal pseudo-obstruction of premature babies is different from the classical chronic pseudo-obstruction for which surgery is often needed.