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Hypoglycaemia in the diabetic child

G Soltész1

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, University Medical School, Pécs, Hungary.

Bailliere'S Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|July 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Hypoglycaemia, a common complication of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, presents with varied symptoms and causes in children. Prevention through patient education and vigilant self-care is key, with specific treatments available for severe episodes.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Hypoglycaemia is the most frequent acute complication in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
  • Symptoms range from adrenergic responses to severe brain dysfunction, including coma.
  • Nocturnal hypoglycaemia is a significant concern for diabetic children and their families.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the causes, symptoms, and management of hypoglycaemia in diabetic children.
  • To discuss the potential long-term effects of hypoglycaemia on neurocognitive development.
  • To highlight preventative strategies and treatment options for hypoglycaemia in pediatric diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing paediatric studies on hypoglycaemia in diabetes.
  • Analysis of clinical manifestations and etiological factors.
  • Evaluation of current treatment and prevention guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Common causes include deviations in treatment routine, strenuous exercise, and altered insulin regimens.
  • Severe hypoglycaemia incidence ranges from 0.07 to 3.6 episodes per patient-year.
  • Prolonged or recurrent severe hypoglycaemia can lead to permanent neuropsychological and electroencephalographic abnormalities.

Conclusions:

  • Patient and parent education, alongside strict adherence to diabetes self-care, are crucial for preventing hypoglycaemia.
  • Less stringent metabolic control may be necessary for very young children to minimize risks.
  • Prompt treatment with carbohydrates or glucagon is essential for managing hypoglycaemic episodes.

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