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[Cytomegalovirus and blood transfusion]
1Avdeling for immunologi og blodbank, Regionsykehuset i Trondheim.
Summary
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection transmission via blood transfusion can be prevented by leukocyte reduction filters. This filtration method eliminates the need for CMV seronegative blood screening in at-risk patients.
Area of Science:
- Transfusion Medicine
- Virology
- Immunology
Context:
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is transmitted through leukocyte-containing blood products.
- CMV infection is mild in healthy individuals but potentially fatal in immunocompromised patients.
- Current prevention strategies include using CMV seronegative blood donors.
Purpose:
- To evaluate the efficacy of leukocyte reduction filtration in preventing CMV transmission.
- To assess the cost-effectiveness of CMV screening versus filtration.
Summary:
- Leukocyte removal filtration, reducing leukocytes by over 3 logs, effectively prevents CMV transmission.
- This method is effective even when using blood from CMV seropositive donors.
- Filtration also prevents HLA-immunization and graft-versus-host reactions in at-risk patient groups.
Impact:
- Filtration offers a universal solution for preventing transfusion-associated CMV, regardless of donor serostatus.
- Eliminates the need for costly CMV antibody screening of blood donors.
- Enhances blood product safety for immunocompromised populations, including neonates, transplant recipients, and those with hematological malignancies.