Composite gastric carcinoma and precursor lesions with amphicrine features in chronic atrophic gastritis

A composite carcinoma of the gastric body consisting of endocrine and mucous epithelial cells with interspersed amphicrine cells is reported together with ultrastructural and immunocytochemical documentation of endocrine and nonendocrine differentiation. The tumor was associated with hypergastrinemia related to chronic atrophic gastritis (achlorhydria) and with multiple proliferative lesions, such as intramucosal microcarcinoid (IMC) and endocrine cell proliferations of the micronodular and linear type, which are currently regarded as carcinoid precursor changes. Ultrastructurally, a composite architecture with amphicrine features was demonstrated in the primary tumor, IMC, and liver metastases. On the other hand, the endocrine cell proliferations exclusively contained gastrin and enterochromaffinlike cells. Immunostaining with antibodies to calcitonin documented a number of positive cells both in the primary and in the metastatic sites. This is the first report of mixed exocrine-endocrine-amphicrine components both in a metastasizing carcinoma and in its precursor lesions in a chronic hypergastrinemic state. Unlike previously reported lesions, the endocrine component was unexpectedly composed of calcitonin cells, which are not usually present in the gastric mucosa.