Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 15, 2026

High Precision Zinc Isotopic Measurements Applied to Mouse Organs
Published on: May 22, 2015
Isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for cadmium determination in urine
S K Aggarwal1, R G Orth, J Wendling
1University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Department of Pathology, Charlottesville 22908.
Abstract:
A stable isotope dilution gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric method using 106Cd as an internal standard is described for determining Cd in urine. In this method, the urine matrix is digested with HNO3 + H2O2 and the Cd is chelated with lithium bis(trifluoroethyl)dithiocarbamate. All isotope ratio measurements are made with an organic mass spectrometer. Overall precision values for the five major isotopes relative to 114Cd are 1 to 3% when 10-ng samples of chelated Cd are analyzed. Accuracy of the method is established by measuring Cd in the NIST freeze-dried urine reference material. A small memory effect is observed when measuring isotope ratios differing by a factor of 10. This can, however, be minimized by optimum addition of the internal standard solution.
Related Concept Videos
Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)
A gas chromatograph consists of a long, narrow capillary column with a polysiloxane coating on the inner wall. The coating...
Gas Chromatography: Overview of Detectors
A non-destructive detector allows a sample to be analyzed without altering or consuming it, meaning the sample can be collected after detection for further analysis. Examples include thermal conductivity detectors and...
Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-I
TCD is the earliest and most widely used detector that operates by measuring the changes in the thermal conductivity of the carrier gas. When a sample compound enters the detector,...
Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab
Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing nebulizer...

