Nursing-induced changes in pain sensitivity, prolactin, and somatotropin in the pig

Suckling by piglets led to increases in prolactin and somatotropin in the sow. Failed nursing attempts, which did not result in milk ejection, also led to elevations of prolactin and somatotropin, suggesting that massage of the udder is sufficient and milk ejection is not necessary for these hormonal changes to occur. Prior treatment with the opioid antagonist, naloxone, blocked the nursing-induced increases in prolactin and somatotropin. Tail-flick latencies of the sows were significantly elevated after a nursing, suggesting reduced pain sensitivity. This was blocked by naloxone, suggesting that nursing directly increases endogenous opioid activity. Removing piglets for 2 h led to a drop in prolactin and somatotropin. When the piglets were returned, the nursing-induced increase in prolactin and somatotropin tended to be higher than following a normal nursing interval (1 h). However, prolactin concentrations remained at a significantly lower level following the extended nursing interval. A reduction in nursing frequency seems likely to lead to reduced prolactin levels and altered patterns of somatotropin secretion.