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Related Experiment Videos

Monkey superior colliculus represents rapid eye movements in a two-dimensional motor map

K Hepp1, A J Van Opstal, D Straumann

  • 1Neurology Department, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.

Journal of Neurophysiology
|March 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

This study investigated the superior colliculus (SC) and its role in eye movements, finding its motor map is two-dimensional, aligning with the V-model, not the Q-model. Results suggest the SC is not the primary generator for three-dimensional vestibular nystagmus.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Listing's law constrains eye position to a plane during head-stationary movements, despite the eye's three rotational degrees of freedom.
  • The precise neural implementation of Listing's law, particularly for rapid eye movements, remains incompletely understood.
  • The superior colliculus (SC) is a key brain region involved in generating eye movements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if the saccadic motor map in the deeper layers of the superior colliculus (SC) is two-dimensional (V-model) or three-dimensional (Q-model).
  • To investigate the role of the SC in implementing Listing's law during spontaneous and vestibularly evoked eye movements.
  • To elucidate the SC's contribution to the generation of three-dimensional vestibular nystagmus.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Electrophysiological stimulation of the deeper SC layers in alert rhesus monkeys during spontaneous saccadic eye movements.
  • Analysis of saccade-related burst neuron activity during three-dimensional rapid eye movements.
  • Reversible inactivation of the SC using muscimol injections in monkeys, followed by assessment of eye movement behavior.

Main Results:

  • Electrical stimulation of the SC did not induce eye torsion, supporting the two-dimensional V-model over the three-dimensional Q-model.
  • Saccade-related burst neuron activity in the SC showed no systematic eye-position dependence predicted by the Q-model, but closely matched the V-model.
  • SC inactivation reduced spontaneous saccades but Listing's law was preserved; three-dimensional vestibular nystagmus generation was unaffected, suggesting the SC is not its primary site.

Conclusions:

  • The collicular motor map is two-dimensional, consistent with the V-model, and plays a role in generating eye movements that obey Listing's law.
  • The SC is likely not the primary neural generator for the three-dimensional fast phases of vestibular nystagmus.
  • These findings refine our understanding of the neural basis of eye movement control and the role of the superior colliculus.