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Related Experiment Videos

Retinoic acid and craniofacial development: molecules and morphogenesis

G Morriss-Kay1

  • 1Department of Human Anatomy, Oxford, UK.

Bioessays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Retinoic acid (RA) is vital for mammalian development, with its nuclear levels modulated by binding proteins. This mechanism influences gene expression and craniofacial development, impacting embryonic pattern formation.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Retinoic acid (RA), a vitamin A derivative, is crucial for mammalian development.
  • RA's developmental roles are mediated through gene expression regulation via nuclear receptors.
  • Distinct embryonic tissues exhibit varying RA requirements, leading to different developmental abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a mechanism involving cytoplasmic binding proteins (CRBP I, CRABP I, CRABP II) that modulate nuclear RA levels.
  • To investigate the relationship between RA receptors, retinoid binding proteins, and embryonic pattern development.
  • To understand RA's role in craniofacial and hindbrain development, including gene expression patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing literature on retinoic acid, nuclear receptors, and binding proteins.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of developmental abnormalities induced by RA excess or deficiency.
  • Focus on craniofacial and hindbrain development models in early embryos.

    • Main Results:

    • Cytoplasmic binding proteins (CRBP I, CRABP I, CRABP II) are proposed to regulate intraembryonic RA availability.
    • Alterations in RA levels affect morphological development and segment-specific gene expression in the hindbrain and neural crest.
    • The interplay between RA, its receptors, and binding proteins is critical for establishing genetic and morphological patterns.

    Conclusions:

    • Cytoplasmic binding proteins play a key role in modulating RA's developmental effects by controlling nuclear entry.
    • Understanding these retinoid-binding protein mechanisms is essential for comprehending normal development and teratogenesis.
    • The studied system provides a model for exploring retinoid signaling in pattern formation during embryogenesis.