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The transitional zone between limbus and peripheral cornea. An immunohistochemical study

B Lauweryns1, J J van den Oord, L Missotten

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Sint-Rafaël, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|May 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Peripheral superior cornea transitional cells share characteristics with limbal basal cells. Immunohistochemical analysis suggests these transitional cells exhibit stem cell properties, differing from surrounding basal cells.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Cell Biology
  • Corneal Research

Background:

  • The peripheral cornea contains specialized epithelial cells.
  • Basally located transitional cells in the superior cornea have unique molecular markers (cytokeratin 19, vimentin, negative for AE5).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phenotypic characteristics of basally located transitional cells in the peripheral superior cornea.
  • To compare the immunohistochemical profile of these transitional cells with limbal basal cells and surrounding corneal basal cells.

Main Methods:

  • Study involved twenty adult human corneas.
  • In situ immunohistochemical techniques were employed.
  • A panel of specific monoclonal antibodies was used to analyze cell surface and cytoplasmic molecules.

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Main Results:

  • Transitional cells expressed alpha 6 beta 4-integrin, metallothionein, AE1, and transferrin receptor.
  • These staining characteristics were similar to those observed in limbal basal cells.
  • A distinct phenotype was identified compared to adjacent peripheral corneal basal epithelial cells.

Conclusions:

  • Transitional epithelial cells in the superior peripheral cornea possess a unique phenotype.
  • This phenotype is analogous to limbal basal cells.
  • Immunohistochemical findings support the hypothesis that these transitional cells possess stem cell characteristics.