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Postabsorption neutralization of poliovirus

R Vrijsen1, A Mosser, A Boeyé

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.

Journal of Virology
|June 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Monoclonal antibodies targeting poliovirus type 1 were investigated for their ability to neutralize the virus before and after cell attachment. Six antibodies demonstrated post-absorption neutralization (PAN), preventing virus conversion to smaller particles.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Poliovirus type 1 neutralization by monoclonal antibodies is crucial for understanding viral entry and immune evasion.
  • Antigenic sites on the poliovirus virion play a key role in antibody recognition and neutralization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the neutralizing capacity of nineteen murine monoclonal antibodies against poliovirus type 1, specifically assessing their activity before and after viral attachment to cells.
  • To investigate the mechanism of post-absorption neutralization (PAN) and the role of antibody binding in this process.

Main Methods:

  • Testing nineteen neutralizing murine monoclonal antibodies against poliovirus type 1 for neutralization of unattached virus and virus attached to susceptible cells.
  • Assessing the ability of Fc-specific rabbit anti-mouse antibodies to confer PAN activity to antibodies lacking it.
  • Analyzing the effect of PAN-positive and PAN-negative antibodies on the cell-mediated conversion of poliovirus to 135S and 80S particles.
  • Investigating the binding valency of PAN-positive and PAN-negative antibodies to preabsorbed virions and their aggregation potential.

Main Results:

  • All nineteen antibodies neutralized unattached poliovirus type 1.
  • Six antibodies exhibited significant post-absorption neutralization (PAN) activity.
  • Fc-specific antibodies could confer PAN activity to antibodies lacking it.
  • PAN activity was associated with the prevention of virus conversion to 135S and 80S particles.
  • Evidence suggests bivalent binding for one PAN-positive antibody and monovalent binding for a PAN-negative antibody.
  • Only one of two tested PAN-positive antibodies induced virus aggregation in suspension.

Conclusions:

  • Monoclonal antibodies against poliovirus type 1 vary in their ability to neutralize the virus after attachment to cells.
  • Post-absorption neutralization (PAN) is a distinct mechanism involving the prevention of viral disassembly.
  • Antibody binding valency and potential for aggregation may influence neutralization efficacy.

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