Entry of poliovirus into cells does not require a low-pH step

¹Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.

|August 1, 1993

Summary

Poliovirus entry into cells does not require an acidic environment, unlike other viruses. Bafilomycin A1, an inhibitor of vacuolar proton-ATPases, blocked other viruses but not poliovirus, confirming its unique entry mechanism.

Area of Science:

Virology
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Viral entry mechanisms often depend on endosomal acidification.
Picornaviruses, including poliovirus, are common human pathogens.
The precise entry pathway of poliovirus remains an area of investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of a low-pH environment in poliovirus cellular entry.
To determine if vacuolar proton-ATPases are essential for poliovirus infection.

Main Methods:

Utilized bafilomycin A1, a selective inhibitor of vacuolar proton-ATPases.
Tested the effect of bafilomycin A1 and lysosomotropic agents on poliovirus infection.
Assayed bafilomycin A1's effect on other viruses like encephalomyocarditis virus and rhinovirus.
Investigated the co-entry of alpha-sarcin with viral particles.

Main Results:

Bafilomycin A1 potently inhibited viruses requiring endosomal acidification (Semliki Forest virus, vesicular stomatitis virus).
Poliovirus infection was not affected by bafilomycin A1 or lysosomotropic agents.
Rhinovirus entry was sensitive to bafilomycin A1, unlike encephalomyocarditis virus.
Bafilomycin A1 inhibited the co-entry of alpha-sarcin, indicating a role for vacuolar proton-ATPases in poliovirus-induced membrane permeabilization.

Conclusions:

Poliovirus does not require a low-pH step for entry into the cytoplasm.
Vacuolar proton-ATPase activity is necessary for poliovirus-mediated membrane permeabilization, distinct from its entry requirement.
Viral entry mechanisms within the Picornaviridae family can vary significantly.

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Entry of poliovirus into cells does not require a low-pH step

Area of Science:

Background:

Purpose of the Study:

Main Methods:

Main Results:

Conclusions:

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