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Herpes zoster ophthalmicus: the virus strikes back
1Department of Ophthalmology, UCLA School of Medicine.
Annals of Ophthalmology
|June 1, 1993
Summary
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO), caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV), frequently causes ocular complications, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Early diagnosis and management are crucial to prevent vision loss and other severe outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Virology
- Immunology
Background:
- Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes herpes zoster (HZ), which can manifest as herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) affecting the eye.
- HZO is a common reactivation of VZV, often presenting with ocular complications.
- Increased incidence of immunodeficiency states contributes to recurrent VZV infections.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review anterior segment ocular diseases caused by VZV.
- To discuss the pathophysiology of VZV-induced ocular tissue damage.
- To provide current management and therapy updates for HZO.
Main Methods:
- Literature review with a focus on ocular manifestations of HZO.
- Synthesis of existing research on VZV pathophysiology and HZO.
Main Results:
- HZO is a frequent ocular complication of VZV reactivation.
- While generally benign in non-immunocompromised patients, HZO carries a high incidence of ocular complications.
- Immunocompromised individuals experience more frequent and severe HZO, risking vision loss, viral dissemination, or death.
Conclusions:
- HZO requires vigilant diagnosis and management due to its potential for severe sequelae.
- Earlier recognition of HZO's diverse manifestations is essential for preventing adverse outcomes.
- The rising prevalence of immunodeficiency necessitates heightened awareness and proactive treatment of HZO.