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Virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in man

¹Dept of Pulmonology, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands.

The European Respiratory Journal

|June 1, 1993

Summary

Virus infections, particularly in children, are a major cause of asthma exacerbations. Research suggests viruses can induce airway hyperresponsiveness, a key asthma feature, through various mechanisms.

Area of Science:

Respiratory Medicine
Immunology
Virology

Background:

Airway hyperresponsiveness is a hallmark of asthma.
Environmental factors like allergens and viruses can trigger or worsen asthma symptoms.
Virus infections are increasingly recognized as clinically significant triggers for asthma exacerbations, especially in children.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of virus infections in inducing airway hyperresponsiveness.
To explore the mechanisms underlying virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness.
To determine if experimental virus infections can serve as a model for asthma research.

Main Methods:

Experimental virus infections in animal models and human subjects.
Intranasal inoculation and inhalation of live attenuated influenza virus and rhinovirus strains.

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Assessment of airway hyperresponsiveness to various bronchoconstrictor stimuli.

Main Results:

Experimental viral infections, including influenza and rhinovirus, successfully induced airway hyperresponsiveness in human subjects.
This suggests that virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness can be studied using experimental models, similar to allergen challenge models.
The study highlights the clinical relevance of viral infections in asthma exacerbations.

Conclusions:

Virus infections are a significant factor in the development and exacerbation of airway hyperresponsiveness.
Potential mechanisms include epithelial damage, immune responses, inflammatory mediator release, altered reflexes, and impaired beta-adrenoceptor function.
Further research is crucial to elucidate these mechanisms and improve asthma management strategies.