Arachidonic acid inhibits sodium currents and synaptic transmission in cultured striatal neurons

In the striatum, dopamine generates arachidonic acid (AA) and induces synaptic depression. Here, we report that Na+ channels are a target for AA in both cultured and acutely isolated striatal neurons. AA depressed veratrine-induced Na+ influx and neurotransmitter release. Whole-cell voltage clamp revealed that peak Na+ currents are depressed, and steady-state inactivation shifts -15 mV in the presence of AA. Furthermore, inactivation was accelerated, and recovery from inactivation was delayed. These actions of AA were not produced by AA metabolites or protein kinase C activation. In addition, AA reduced both the amplitude and frequency of action potentials and depressed spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents without affecting miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents. These data suggest that AA modulates presynaptic, Na(+)-dependent action potentials, thereby contributing to striatal synaptic depression.