Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Assessing local anesthetic effect using the mouse tail flick test

G J Grant1, M I Zakowski, K Vermeulen

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016.

Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods
|August 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A matter of justice: an obstetric anesthesia workforce survey of the United States highlights the unequal access to anesthesia care for childbirth.

International journal of obstetric anesthesia·2025
Same author

An innovative approach to emulsifier use in broiler feed affects nutrient digestion and growth performance in young broilers.

British poultry science·2025
Same author

[Behavioral phenotypes and recent developments in genetic technologies].

Tijdschrift voor psychiatrie·2020
Same author

The Salmonella Enteritidis TolC outer membrane channel is essential for egg white survival.

Poultry science·2019
Same author

Intraoperative administered tramadol reduces the need for piritramide in the immediate postoperative period in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy: A retrospective observational study.

Acta anaesthesiologica Belgica·2018
Same author

Reduced particle size wheat bran is butyrogenic and lowers Salmonella colonization, when added to poultry feed.

Veterinary microbiology·2017

The tail flick test reliably measures local anesthetic duration in mice. Lidocaine with epinephrine provided the longest sensory block, lasting 66 minutes at 1% concentration.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Neuroscience
  • Animal Models

Background:

  • Local anesthetics are crucial for pain management.
  • Assessing the duration of local anesthetic effects is vital for clinical application.
  • Standardized methods are needed to compare anesthetic potencies and durations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish and validate the tail flick test as a method for quantifying local anesthetic-induced conduction block in mice.
  • To compare the duration of sensory block produced by different concentrations of procaine, tetracaine, and lidocaine, with and without epinephrine.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the tail flick test to measure sensory block duration in mice.
  • Administered local anesthetics (procaine, tetracaine, lidocaine) at various concentrations via tail base injection.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Defined sensory block as tail flick latency (TFL) exceeding 4 seconds, with duration measured until TFL returned below 4 seconds.

    • Main Results:

    • The tail flick test effectively discriminated between the durations of tested local anesthetics.
    • At 1% concentration, sensory block durations were: procaine (2 min), lidocaine (20 min), tetracaine (40 min), and lidocaine with epinephrine (66 min).
    • The addition of epinephrine significantly prolonged the duration of lidocaine's sensory block.

    Conclusions:

    • The tail flick test is a simple, reliable, and discriminative method for assessing local anesthetic conduction block in mice.
    • Findings provide quantitative data on the duration of action for commonly used local anesthetics, aiding in preclinical research.
    • The study highlights the enhanced efficacy of lidocaine when combined with epinephrine for prolonged local anesthesia.