Photoactivation ratios for specification of high-energy x-ray quality: part I, 15-40-MV x rays

A sensitive and relatively simple method for obtaining an index of the spectral quality of high-energy x rays is presented. The method is based upon the use of photoactivation threshold detectors. Photonuclear reactions produce measurable amounts of radioactivity for radiation exposures of several thousand roentgens. Since the threshold energies for photonuclear reactions vary for different nuclei, the ratio of radioactivity induced in two appropriately selected foils is very sensitive to the x-ray spectrum. Photoactivation ratios (PAR) have been measured for 20-35-MV x rays using Co, Cu, Y, Zr, and Au activation foils. It is shown that the PAR method offers a sensitive and practical means for quality control of x-ray spectra, comparison of high-energy accelerators, and the measurement of variations of spectral quality control at different point in an irradiated volume.