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Developmental changes at the node and paranode in human sural nerves: morphometric and fine-structural evaluation

M Bertram1, J M Schröder

  • 1Institut für Neuropathologie der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, Germany.

Cell and Tissue Research
|September 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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Human nerve paranodes undergo significant structural changes during development. Myelin sheath adaptation to axonal growth involves loop separation and discontinuous development, impacting nerve fiber maturation.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Paranodal fiber segments in human nerves lack systematic investigation at the light and electron microscopic levels.
  • Understanding developmental changes in nerve fiber structure is crucial for comprehending neurological development and disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically analyze developmental changes in the fine structure of human sural nerve paranodes.
  • To investigate the relationship between axonal growth and myelin sheath adaptation during development.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 43 human sural nerves across different developmental stages (0-5 years, 5-20 years, and adult).
  • Light and electron microscopy to examine paranodal fine structure, including axolemma, myelin sheath, and associated structures.

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Main Results:

  • Axon diameters reach adult values by 4-5 years, with a constant internodal to paranodal diameter ratio.
  • Myelin sheath thickness increases significantly, but paranodal attachment zone length does not proportionally increase due to myelin loop changes.
  • Separation of myelin loops from the axolemma forms Nageotte's bracelets, with loss of transverse bands.

Conclusions:

  • Paranodal myelin sheath adaptation to axonal expansion is likely achieved through uneven gliding of myelin loops and internodal slippage.
  • Uneven arrangement of stabilizing structures during rapid axonal growth suggests a discontinuous process of paranodal development.
  • These findings provide insights into the dynamic structural adaptations of human nerve fibers during development.