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Cells recovered from human DTH reactions: phenotypic and functional analysis

M J MacPhee1, J Gordon, N V Christou

  • 1American Red Cross, Plasma Derivative Laboratories, Rockville, Maryland 20855.

Cellular Immunology
|October 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Skin window chambers reveal a significantly higher concentration of antigen-specific T cells in DTH reactions compared to blood. These T cells exhibit cytotoxic and helper functions, with distinct cytokine profiles observed in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions involve T cell recruitment to inflammatory sites.
  • Understanding the phenotype and function of T cells within DTH reactions is crucial for immune response characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify and characterize antigen-specific T cells within human DTH reactions using the skin window chamber (SC) technique.
  • To compare the incidence and functional properties of T cells in SCs versus peripheral blood.

Main Methods:

  • Skin window chamber (SC) technique applied to DTH reactions elicited by PPD or Candida in healthy individuals.
  • Limiting dilution cultures used to establish antigen-specific T cell clones from SC and blood.
  • Analysis of T cell clones for antigen specificity, CD4/CD8 expression, cytotoxicity, cytokine production (IFN-gamma, IL-2), and helper function for Ig synthesis.

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Main Results:

  • A markedly higher incidence of antigen-specific T cells was found in SCs (2.6- to 314-fold) compared to blood.
  • Thirty CD4+ and 13 CD8+ antigen-specific T cell clones were isolated from SCs.
  • A significant proportion of SC-derived T cell clones exhibited lectin-mediated cytotoxicity and produced key cytokines like IFN-gamma and IL-2, or provided help for Ig synthesis, with distinct patterns for CD4+ and CD8+ subsets.

Conclusions:

  • The skin window chamber technique is effective for isolating and analyzing functional T cells from DTH reactions.
  • T cells infiltrating DTH sites possess diverse effector functions, including cytotoxicity and cytokine production, distinct from those in circulation.
  • These findings highlight the specialized immune environment within inflammatory skin reactions.