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Related Concept Videos

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
Antiasthma Drugs: β2-Adrenoceptor Agonists01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: β2-Adrenoceptor Agonists

Bronchodilators are critical in managing asthma, a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway constriction due to inflammation and hyper-reactivity. Specifically, bronchodilators ease this constriction by relaxing the bronchial muscles, facilitating easier breathing.
One class of bronchodilators includes β2-adrenoceptor agonists. These agents target the β2-adrenoceptors located on bronchial smooth muscle cells. By stimulating these receptors, β2-agonists induce relaxation in these...
COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids01:26

COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids

Chronic obstructive pulmonary isease (COPD) involves a group of progressive lung disorders characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS), encompassing features of both asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a group of progressive lung disorders that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory (non-reversible) asthma. ACOS leads to complex clinical presentations that combine the inflammatory...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...

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Updated: Jul 25, 2026

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma
14:39

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Published on: November 5, 2010

Bronchospasm secondary to replacement estrogen therapy

L C Collins1, A Peiris

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Ky.

Chest
|October 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Estrogen therapy for osteoporosis worsened airflow limitation and bronchospasm in a postmenopausal woman. Discontinuing estrogen improved symptoms and reduced corticosteroid needs, highlighting a potential pulmonary risk.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Estrogen therapy is commonly used for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
  • Exogenous estrogen's effect on reactive airways disease is not well-documented.

Observation:

  • A postmenopausal woman with severe obstructive airways disease experienced worsening bronchospasm and airflow limitation upon estrogen reintroduction.
  • Symptoms improved and corticosteroid requirements decreased after estrogen withdrawal.

Findings:

  • Estrogen administration led to a significant decline in peak expiratory flow rate and spirometric data.
  • Recrudescence of pulmonary symptoms correlated with estrogen readministration.

Implications:

  • Clinically significant deterioration of pulmonary function may occur in susceptible women with reactive airways disease on estrogen therapy.

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Last Updated: Jul 25, 2026

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  • Healthcare providers should consider potential pulmonary risks when prescribing estrogen to postmenopausal women with underlying lung conditions.