Ureteroarterial fistulae in exenteration patients with indwelling ureteral stents

Ureteroarterial fistulae (UAF) are a rare complication of prolonged ureteral stenting. To date only three patients have been reported who have developed UAF after pelvic exenteration. This report presents two additional patients with UAF following exenteration and prolonged ureteral stenting. Rapid diagnosis with pelvic arteriography and retrograde ureteral angioplasty balloon catheter placement is discussed, and successful management with femoral artery embolization and bypass surgery is reviewed.