[Therapy of iron deficiency. Diagnostic prerequisites--therapeutic procedures]

Iron is an essential trace element, and iron deficiency is common. Underlying causes must be carefully investigated (occult bleeding, carcinoma). Mild forms of iron deficiency may be due to rapid growth, an inappropriate diet, menstrual bleeding or pregnancy. As a rule, they can be corrected by dietary means. Pharmacological doses of iron may irritate the intestinal mucosa, limiting the size of the individual dose and impairing compliance. Overdosing can be fatal. The duration of medication depends upon the rapidity with which deficient hemoglobin iron and iron stores can be replenished. Failure of treatment may be due to a wrong diagnosis, persistent bleeding or disturbed absorption. Parenteral administration of iron should be reserved for patients in whom oral iron replacement fails.