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Foamy viruses

D Neumann-Haefelin1, U Fleps, R Renne

  • 1Abteilung Virologie, Universität Freiburg, BRD.

Intervirology
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Foamy viruses, like human foamy virus (HFV), possess a unique genome and persist lifelong. Reactivation involves demethylation and transactivators, with potential neural links and controversial human associations.

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Area of Science:

  • * Virology
  • * Molecular Biology
  • * Immunology

Background:

  • * Foamy viruses exhibit complex genome organization, similar to lentiviruses and oncoviruses.
  • * They encode a transcriptional transactivator crucial for viral gene expression.
  • * Foamy viruses establish persistent, lifelong infections across various mammalian hosts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the molecular mechanisms of foamy virus latency and reactivation.
  • * To identify responsive sequences within foamy virus long terminal repeats (LTRs).
  • * To explore the potential association of foamy viruses with human diseases.

Main Methods:

  • * Identification of responsive sequences in simian (SFV-1, SFV-3) and human foamy virus (HFV) LTRs.
  • * Analysis of viral gene expression and host interactions, including in transgenic mice.

Related Experiment Videos

  • * Investigation of epigenetic regulation (DNA methylation) in controlling viral latency.

    • Main Results:

    • * Distinct responsive sequences in LTRs were identified, mediating transactivation.
    • * Transactivation of heterologous LTRs, including HIV, was demonstrated.
    • * DNA demethylation and transactivator expression were shown to reactivate latent SFV-3.
    • * Selective HFV gene expression in the brain suggests neural tropism.
    • * Natural infections elicit strong immune responses but are often asymptomatic in non-human primates.

    Conclusions:

    • * Foamy viruses utilize a transactivator and LTR-responsive elements for gene regulation.
    • * Viral latency is epigenetically controlled by DNA methylation, with demethylation enabling reactivation.
    • * While foamy viruses are common and generally asymptomatic in primates, their detection and role in human pathology remain challenging and controversial.