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Distinguishing instrumental and hostile aggression: does it make a difference?

M S Atkins1, D M Stoff, M L Osborne

  • 1University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia.

Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
|August 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

This study distinguished instrumental and hostile aggression in boys aged 8-14. Hostile aggression correlated with impulse control errors, suggesting distinct functions and implications for aggression research.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Aggression is a complex behavior with various forms.
  • Distinguishing between instrumental and hostile aggression is crucial for understanding its underlying mechanisms.
  • Previous research has not clearly differentiated these aggressive subtypes in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate an analogue task differentiating instrumental and hostile aggression.
  • To examine the relationship between aggressive responses and impulse control in clinically referred boys.
  • To determine if instrumental and hostile aggression are distinct constructs.

Main Methods:

  • An analogue task involving a competitive game was administered to 33 clinically referred boys (ages 8-14).

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  • Modified game rules minimized overlap between aggressive responses.
  • Postgame interviews assessed participants' perceptions of instrumental and hostile responses.
  • Correlations were analyzed between aggressive responses and errors on a continuous performance task.

    • Main Results:

    • The aversive noise (hostile response) was perceived as hostile by over 80% of participants.
    • Blocking the opponent's game (instrumental response) was perceived as both instrumental and hostile.
    • Hostile aggression uniquely correlated with impulsive commission errors on the continuous performance task (r = .51).

    Conclusions:

    • Instrumental and hostile aggression can be empirically distinguished in a laboratory setting.
    • Hostile aggression is theoretically linked to poor impulse control.
    • Precisely defined aggressive responses reveal distinct, theoretically significant differences.