Importance of the nucleotide loop moiety coordinated to the cobalt atom of adenosylcobalamin for coenzymic function in the diol dehydrase reaction

Three analogs of adenosylcobalamin were synthesized and their coenzymic properties in the diol dehydrase reaction were studied. Neither adenosylcobinamide nor adenosylcobinamide phosphate was active as coenzyme and showed very low affinity for apoenzyme, irrespective of the presence of nucleotide loop fragments, such as 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole, alpha-D-ribazole, or alpha-D-ribazole-3'-phosphate. The coordination of pyridine to the cobalt atom neither confers the coenzymic function upon adenosylcobinamide nor strengthens the inhibitory effect of cyanoaquacobinamide and methylcobinamide significantly. The analog of adenosylcobalamin in which the N-3 position of 5,6-dimethylbenz-imidazole is methylated was also not active as coenzyme and showed very low affinity for apoenzyme. Since 3,5,6-trimethylbenzimidazole in this analog is no longer coordinated to the cobalt atom, these results show that at least a part of the nucleotide loop moiety coordinated to the cobalt atom of adenosylcobalamin is essential for tight binding to the apoenzyme and therefore for manifestation of coenzymic function.