Carotid-cavernous fistula associated with intracranial fibromuscular dysplasia

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Vascular Medicine
• Radiology

Background:

• Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a non-atherosclerotic vascular disease.
• Intracranial involvement of FMD, particularly of the internal carotid and vertebro-basilar systems, is exceptionally uncommon.
• Carotid-cavernous fistulas are abnormal communications between the carotid artery and the cavernous sinus.

Observation:

• Presents a rare case of extensive fibromuscular dysplasia within the intracranial arteries.
• Details an associated carotid-cavernous fistula in the presented patient.
• Includes a comprehensive review of existing literature on intracranial FMD.

Findings:

• Demonstrates the extreme rarity of intracranial fibromuscular dysplasia.
• Highlights a complex case involving diffuse intracranial FMD and a carotid-cavernous fistula.
• Discusses the potential pathogenesis and mechanisms leading to fistula formation in FMD.

Implications:

• Enhances understanding of the spectrum of fibromuscular dysplasia.
• Provides insights into the management of rare vascular complications.
• Contributes to the literature on cerebrovascular diseases and their management.