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Urban firearm deaths: a five-year perspective

M D McGonigal1, J Cole, C W Schwab

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia.

The Journal of Trauma
|October 1, 1993
PubMed
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Firearm violence in Philadelphia surged 123% between 1985 and 1990, disproportionately affecting young, black males. Semiautomatic handguns and increased drug use contributed to rising homicide deaths.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Criminology
  • Forensic Pathology

Background:

  • Firearm violence is a significant and growing public health concern in U.S. urban areas.
  • Philadelphia experienced a notable increase in firearm-related fatalities over a five-year period.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine trends in firearm violence and victim demographics in Philadelphia from 1985 to 1990.
  • To analyze changes in weapon types, victim characteristics, and contributing factors to firearm deaths.

Main Methods:

  • Review of Medical Examiner records for all deaths in Philadelphia County in 1985 and 1990.
  • Analysis of demographic, autopsy, and criminal record data for firearm homicide victims.

Main Results:

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  • Firearm homicide victims increased by 123% (145 in 1985 to 324 in 1990), primarily among young, black males (15-24 years).
  • Semiautomatic handgun use rose from 24% to 39%, with a significant increase in on-scene deaths for victims of these weapons (5% to 34%).
  • Victim drug intoxication increased (54% to 61%), with cocaine becoming prevalent. Criminal records rose (44% to 67%), particularly for drug offenses.

    • Conclusions:

    • The rise in firearm deaths was driven by increased use of semiautomatic handguns and potentially higher-velocity ammunition.
    • Substance abuse and prior criminal history, especially drug offenses, were common among victims.
    • Despite trauma center availability, survival rates decreased for victims of semiautomatic weapons, indicating a need for targeted violence prevention strategies.