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Related Experiment Videos

Conditioned narcotic withdrawal in humans

C P O'Brien, T Testa, T J O'Brien

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |March 11, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    Conditioned narcotic withdrawal symptoms were triggered by environmental cues. These findings explain why former addicts may experience withdrawal upon returning to drug-associated settings.

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    Translational psychiatry·2015

    Area of Science:

    • Psychopharmacology
    • Behavioral Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Narcotic withdrawal syndrome presents significant challenges for addiction recovery.
    • Environmental cues associated with drug use can trigger relapse and withdrawal symptoms.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the conditioned nature of narcotic withdrawal responses.
    • To determine if environmental stimuli can elicit withdrawal symptoms in individuals dependent on narcotics.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a classical conditioning paradigm in human volunteers.
    • Administered the narcotic antagonist naloxone to precipitate unconditioned withdrawal responses.
    • Exposed methadone-dependent volunteers to drug-associated environmental cues to assess conditioned responses.

    Main Results:

    • Subjective and physiological manifestations of narcotic withdrawal were successfully conditioned.
    • Environmental cues alone elicited withdrawal symptoms in methadone-dependent individuals.
    • Naloxone precipitated unconditioned withdrawal reactions.

    Conclusions:

    • Narcotic withdrawal syndrome can be classically conditioned to environmental stimuli.
    • Drug-related environments can trigger withdrawal symptoms in abstinent individuals.
    • These findings support the role of environmental cues in maintaining addiction and relapse.

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