The early course of the Tourette's syndrome clinical spectrum

We retrospectively studied 101 children with Tourette's syndrome to characterize the early course of illness and associated behavioral disturbances of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), disruptive behavior (DB), and school problems (SP). For patients without ADHD (45%), OCD (50%), DB (67%), or SP (52%) at the time of initial evaluation, 13% developed ADHD, 8% OCD, 28% DB, and 25% SP during the observation period of 1.6 +/- 1.3 years (range, 0.5 to 7 years). For patients with behavioral disturbances initially, the problems were controlled or resolved for many over time and with therapy: ADHD, 46%; OCD, 47%; DB, 50%; and SP, 67%. Medication changes, assessed after a drug adjustment period between the initial and first follow-up visits (6 +/- 6 months), showed that drug dosages remained largely unchanged and few patients required the addition of new drugs: tic suppressants, 10%; anti-obsessional agents, 5%; and stimulants, 12%. Tic suppressants were withdrawn from 12%.