Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 13, 2026

Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Published on: April 17, 2019
Pelvic floor evaluation with dynamic fluoroscopy
L Brubaker1, S Retzky, C Smith
1Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois.
Objective:
To evaluate dynamic fluoroscopy of the pelvic floor for the study of women with pelvic floor disorders.
Methods:
In a prospective, observational study in a tertiary care referral center, 30 women with prolapse beyond the introitus underwent comprehensive fluoroscopic imaging of the pelvic floor.
Results:
Dynamic fluoroscopy of the pelvic floor was technically possible in all patients. Whereas the physical examinations appeared relatively similar in these patients, the fluoroscopic examination revealed distinct differences. Of the 30 women, 25 had a cystocele, 25 had a rectocele, and 26 had an enterocele. Eleven patients had their surgical plan modified accordingly. Pelvic floor fluoroscopy is not a test for urinary or fecal incontinence. However, incontinence was demonstrated objectively in ten women (eight with fecal incontinence, two with urinary incontinence).
Conclusion:
Dynamic fluoroscopy of the pelvic floor is a useful adjunct in the clinical evaluation of women with prolapse. This imaging can be used to individualize the operative approach to prolapse. It is superior to clinical examination for the detection of enterocele formation. In addition, it provides information regarding the emptying function of the rectocele, which is not obtainable on physical examination.
Related Concept Videos
Assessment of the Rectum and Anus
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography
Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography
Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography
Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry
Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

