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Acute epiglottitis: changing epidemiologic patterns

T D Frantz1, B M Rasgon

  • 1Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Oakland, CA 94611-5693.

Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
|September 1, 1993
PubMed
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Acute epiglottitis incidence declined in children but rose in adults between 1980-1990. This shift may be due to the introduction of the Hemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine, changing epiglottitis epidemiology.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Acute epiglottitis was historically considered a pediatric disease.
  • Recent trends suggested a potential shift in the affected demographic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of acute epiglottitis in Northern California from 1980 to 1990.
  • To analyze age-specific incidence trends and compare pediatric versus adult rates.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program data.
  • Inclusion of 135 children and 258 adults diagnosed with acute epiglottitis.
  • Calculation of annual incidence rates per 100,000 population for children and adults.

Main Results:

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  • Adult incidence remained stable (1.16-2.12/100,000).
  • Pediatric incidence significantly decreased from 3.47/100,000 in 1980 to 0.63/100,000 in 1990.
  • The child-to-adult incidence ratio dropped from 2.6 to 0.4.

Conclusions:

  • The study indicates a changing epidemiologic pattern of acute epiglottitis.
  • The introduction of the Hemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine in 1985 is a likely contributing factor.
  • Acute epiglottitis is increasingly becoming an adult disease, challenging its classical pediatric association.