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Tuberculosis in infancy in the 1990s

E A Rosenfeld1, J R Hageman, R Yogev

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois.

Pediatric Clinics of North America
|October 1, 1993
PubMed
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Tuberculosis (TB) cases surged in 1990, particularly in children, driven by the HIV epidemic. This review examines TB in infants and during the perinatal period amidst these concurrent epidemics.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) incidence in the US saw its largest annual increase in 1990 since 1953.
  • A significant number of new TB cases, 1596, were reported in children under 15 years of age.
  • The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic is a primary driver of the resurgence in TB cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the clinical course, diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of tuberculosis in infants.
  • To address TB management during the perinatal period.
  • To contextualize these issues within the ongoing epidemics of HIV and TB in the adult population.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on TB and HIV co-epidemics.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data for TB cases in children.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Synthesis of current clinical guidelines and research findings.
  • Main Results:

    • The resurgence of TB is strongly linked to the HIV epidemic.
    • Children represent a vulnerable population for TB infection.
    • Concurrent HIV and TB epidemics pose complex challenges for diagnosis and treatment.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective management of TB in infants and during the perinatal period requires consideration of the HIV epidemic.
    • Prevention strategies must address both TB and HIV transmission.
    • Further research is needed to optimize clinical care for pediatric and perinatal TB in the context of HIV.