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On the relation between cardiodynamics and heartbeat perception

R Schandry1, M Bestler, P Montoya

  • 1Institute of Psychology, University of Munich, Germany.

Psychophysiology
|September 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Heartbeat perception is influenced by heart dynamics. Changes in stroke volume and blood momentum correlate with how individuals sense their heartbeats, suggesting interoceptive signals originate near the heart.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Interoception

Background:

  • Heartbeat perception, or interoception, is crucial for bodily awareness.
  • Understanding the physiological underpinnings of heartbeat perception is key to understanding self-awareness.
  • Previous research has explored links between cardiac function and subjective bodily sensations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how cardiodynamic parameters mediate heartbeat perception.
  • To determine the relationship between experimentally altered heart performance and the accuracy of heartbeat detection.
  • To identify specific cardiac factors influencing interoceptive accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-five healthy adults (14 women, 11 men) participated.
  • Subjects underwent graded bicycle ergometry (0-75 W) at varying tilt angles (90° to 0°).

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  • Cardiac performance (stroke volume, Heather Index, heart rate, blood momentum) was measured using impedance cardiography; heartbeat perception was assessed concurrently.

    • Main Results:

    • Experimental manipulations significantly altered all measured cardiodynamic parameters.
    • Heartbeat perception showed the strongest correlations with blood momentum (r = .67) and stroke volume (r = .59).
    • These findings indicate a partial mediation of cardiac perception by heart dynamics.

    Conclusions:

    • Changes in heartbeat perception are significantly influenced by cardiac dynamics.
    • The primary source of interoceptive signals related to heartbeat perception appears to be the heart or its immediate surroundings.
    • This study provides evidence for the physiological basis of interoception in cardiovascular function.