Magnetic resonance angiography in pediatric neuroradiology

Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is a novel technique that uses gradient echo pulse sequences and computer postprocessing technology to create vascular-flow images. The technique is easy to apply, noninvasive, and frequently yields information not available by other noninvasive means. The utility and benefits of MRA are amply documented by clinical studies in the neuroimaging literature. This article reviews the techniques of MRA and the current literature in the application of MRA in pediatric imaging. Illustrative cases demonstrating the use of MRA in pediatric neuroradiology are presented. The utilization of MRA in congenital lesions such as aberrant internal carotid artery and arteriovenous malformation and in differing causes of ischemic disease is highlighted. There is an ever-expanding number of applications of MRA in pediatric neuroimaging. Despite the lack of standardized protocols, with a thorough knowledge of the basic principles, MRA can be successfully applied in many imaging situations. The ease of use and noninvasive nature of MRA make it an ideal tool in the evaluation of the pediatric neurovasculature.