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Intelligence and brain structure in normal individuals

N C Andreasen1, M Flaum, V Swayze

  • 1Mental Health Clinical Research Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City 52242.

The American Journal of Psychiatry
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
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Brain structure volume, including the cerebrum and hippocampus, correlates with intelligence (IQ). Some brain regions significantly predict intelligence, though the relationship is modest. Gender influences these correlations.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • Intelligence is a complex trait.
  • Previous research has explored the relationship between brain size and intelligence.
  • Understanding the neuroanatomical correlates of intelligence is crucial for cognitive science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between various brain structure volumes and intelligence.
  • To determine which specific brain regions correlate with different measures of intelligence.
  • To explore potential gender differences in the brain-intelligence relationship.

Main Methods:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure brain structure volumes in 67 healthy adults.
  • Measured volumes included intracranial cavity, cerebral hemispheres, lateral ventricles, temporal lobes, hippocampus, caudate, and cerebellum.

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  • Intelligence was assessed using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale--Revised (WAIS-R).

    • Main Results:

    • Significant positive correlations were found between full-scale IQ and the volume of the intracranial cavity, cerebral hemispheres, temporal lobes, hippocampus, and cerebellum.
    • No significant correlations were observed between IQ and caudate nucleus or lateral ventricle volumes.
    • Full-scale, verbal, and performance IQ scores significantly correlated with gray matter volume, but not white matter or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume.
    • Gender differences were observed in the correlations between brain structure volumes and IQ scores.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings suggest that the volume of certain brain structures accounts for a portion of the variance in human intelligence.
    • The relationship between brain structure volume and intelligence is significant but modest.
    • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex interplay between neuroanatomy and cognitive abilities.