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Structural abnormalities in deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia

R W Buchanan1, A Breier, B Kirkpatrick

  • 1Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21228.

The American Journal of Psychiatry
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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Structural changes in the prefrontal cortex are not linked to schizophrenia deficit symptoms. However, the right caudate may play a role in producing these enduring negative symptoms in schizophrenia patients.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Schizophrenia is associated with enduring negative or deficit symptoms.
  • Previous research implicated frontal and parietal cortices and thalamus in a neural circuit for these symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if structural changes in the proposed neural circuit correlate with schizophrenia deficit symptoms.
  • To differentiate between deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia patients based on brain structure.

Main Methods:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure brain region volumes.
  • Volumes of prefrontal cortex, caudate, and amygdala/hippocampus complex were assessed.
  • Participants included 17 deficit schizophrenia, 24 nondeficit schizophrenia, and 30 healthy controls.

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Main Results:

  • Smaller prefrontal volumes were observed in nondeficit patients compared to deficit patients.
  • No significant differences in caudate or amygdala/hippocampus volumes between deficit and nondeficit patients.
  • Both schizophrenia subgroups showed larger left caudate and smaller amygdala/hippocampus volumes than controls.

Conclusions:

  • Structural changes in the prefrontal region do not appear to cause deficit symptoms in schizophrenia.
  • The caudate nucleus, especially the right caudate, may be associated with the development of schizophrenia deficit symptoms.