Cell cycle regulation of a human cyclin-like gene encoding uracil-DNA glycosylase

The predicted amino acid sequence of a human cDNA encoding uracil-DNA glycosylase activity shows striking similarity to the cyclin protein family. To characterize the expression of this DNA repair enzyme, we have isolated the corresponding genomic clone. This gene is contained within 4.2 kilobases and is composed of only two exons. Sequence analysis of the upstream region shows that it contains two cell cycle box (CCB) regulatory elements which are also found in yeast cyclin genes. Deletional analysis of the promoter reveals the presence of a repressor region located from position -812 to -603. An inverted CCB element (alpha-CCB) and an SP1-like binding site are contained within this region. When uracil-DNA glycosylase mRNA levels are examined in vivo, a 2-3-fold increase is associated with G1 phase in both HeLa S3 and WI38 cells. To examine the role of the 209-base pair repressor region in mediating cell cycle regulation, this fragment was used in gel shift assays with cellular extracts prepared from various stages of the cell cycle. Several specific complexes are formed during S and G2 phases which are not present during M and G1 phases. Two of the complexes are the result of alpha-CCB binding as they can be specifically disrupted by the addition of an oligonucleotide containing the alpha-CCB binding site. Immunoprecipitation studies reveal that uracil-DNA glycosylase protein levels are also elevated during G1 phase. Additionally, we show that the 36-kDa uracil-DNA glycosylase protein is turned over during the course of one cell cycle. These results demonstrate coordinate regulation of uracil-DNA glycosylase at both the transcriptional and the post-transcriptional levels as a function of the cell cycle.