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Related Experiment Videos

When does introspection bear fruit? Self-reflection, self-insight, and interpersonal choices

J G Hixon1, W B Swann

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269-1020.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Thinking about yourself can lead to greater self-insight, contrary to previous beliefs. This research shows self-reflection helps individuals confirm their self-views and seek accurate self-knowledge.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Previous research indicated introspection might lead to errors in self-perception.
  • A gap exists in understanding how self-reflection influences accurate self-knowledge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether introspection can foster self-insight.
  • To explore the conditions under which self-reflection enhances accurate self-knowledge.

Main Methods:

  • Four experiments were conducted involving participant self-reflection.
  • Methods included rating self-descriptive feedback, comparing self-appraisals with friend appraisals, and choosing interaction partners.

Main Results:

  • Participants engaging in self-reflection showed increased self-insight.

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  • This included confirming self-views with feedback, aligning self-ratings with friends' views, and preferring self-verifying partners.
  • The type and duration of introspection moderated these effects.

    • Conclusions:

    • Introspection, under certain conditions, can be a valuable tool for gaining self-insight.
    • Findings challenge prior notions of introspection leading solely to error.
    • Self-knowledge and constructed realities are influenced by reflective processes.