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Abnormal air-filled spaces in the lung

J E Kuhlman1, B L Reyes, R H Hruban

  • 1Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205.

Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

This study categorizes abnormal air-filled lung spaces caused by various diseases into five main formation mechanisms. Understanding these patterns aids in diagnosing lung conditions using imaging techniques.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Pulmonology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Abnormal air-filled spaces in the lungs are indicative of various underlying lung diseases.
  • Imaging modalities like radiography and computed tomography (CT) are crucial for identifying these spaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and categorize the radiographic and CT appearances of abnormal air-filled lung spaces.
  • To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of air-space formation in diverse lung pathologies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of radiographic and CT scans from 150 patients with abnormal air-filled lung spaces.
  • Analysis of 300 lung specimens with corresponding high-resolution CT scans.
  • Correlation of imaging findings with medical records and pathological data.

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Main Results:

  • Identified abnormal air-filled spaces associated with infections, vascular disorders, bronchiectasis, emphysema, fibrosis, ARDS, and rare lung diseases.
  • Classified air-space formation mechanisms into five primary categories: vascular occlusion/ischemic necrosis, bronchial dilatation, elastic fiber disruption, architectural remodeling/fibrosis, and multifactorial/unknown causes.

Conclusions:

  • The five identified mechanisms provide a framework for understanding the pathogenesis of abnormal air-filled lung spaces.
  • Radiographic and CT findings are key to diagnosing and differentiating lung diseases based on air-space abnormalities.