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Dietary supplements in sport

L M Burke1, R S Read

  • 1Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra.

Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Athletes commonly use many nutritional supplements, sometimes in high doses. This study classifies supplements and examines sports drinks, finding carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions effectively aid hydration and performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Nutrition
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Dietary Supplementation

Background:

  • Athletes frequently utilize nutritional supplements, with practices varying significantly across sports and individuals.
  • Concurrent use of numerous supplements, often in supra-physiological doses, is a documented trend among athletes.
  • A classification system is proposed to differentiate between dietary supplements and nutritional ergogenic aids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a classification system for sports supplements, distinguishing between dietary supplements and nutritional ergogenic aids.
  • To review the scientific evidence and evolving attitudes regarding the use of sports drinks as a dietary supplement.
  • To analyze the physiological rationale and practical application of sports drinks in athletic performance and hydration.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and analysis of existing studies on athlete supplementation practices.
  • Classification of supplements based on their intended use and physiological targets.
  • Examination of scientific literature concerning the efficacy and formulation of sports drinks.

Main Results:

  • Dietary supplements are defined as products addressing physiological or nutritional needs in sport, aiding in meeting requirements or correcting deficiencies.
  • Sports drinks (carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions) are effective dietary supplements, with scientific views shifting from caution to acceptance regarding gastric emptying.
  • Current sports drinks (5-10% carbohydrate solutions) demonstrate suitable gastric emptying; optimal electrolyte concentrations, particularly sodium, require further research, balancing absorption with palatability.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding nutritional requirements and exercise physiology is fundamental to the effective use of dietary supplements.
  • Sports drinks are well-established dietary supplements that can enhance fluid delivery and carbohydrate substrate during exercise.
  • Further research is needed to determine optimal electrolyte concentrations in sports drinks, considering both physiological benefits and consumer acceptance.

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