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Changes in axial bone density with age: a twin study

P J Kelly1, T Nguyen, J Hopper

  • 1Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
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Genetic factors influence how bone mineral density changes over time in adults. This study in twins suggests a hereditary component to age-related bone density decline, impacting fracture risk.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Genetics
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Bone mineral density (BMD) is crucial for determining adult fracture risk.
  • Peak bone density is achieved in early adulthood, with subsequent age-related changes.
  • While genetics influence peak bone mass, its effect on age-related BMD changes is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether genetic factors influence the rate of change in bone mineral density (BMD) in adults.
  • To determine if genetic heritability affects age-related BMD decline at specific skeletal sites.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins.
  • Bone mineral density measured using dual-photon absorptiometry at the lumbar spine and femoral neck.
  • Analysis of BMD changes over a median follow-up of 3 years.

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Main Results:

  • Significant genetic influence on the rate of BMD change at the lumbar spine (rMZ = 0.93, rDZ = 0.51) and Ward's triangle (rMZ = 0.60, rDZ = 0.11).
  • Model-fitting analysis supported a genetic effect on BMD change at the trochanteric site.
  • No significant genetic effect on BMD change was detected at the femoral neck.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic factors play a role in determining the rate of bone mineral density change in adults.
  • These findings suggest heritability influences age-related BMD loss, potentially impacting fracture risk.
  • This study provides the first evidence for genetic determinants of BMD change rates in the adult skeleton.