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Related Experiment Videos

Snakebite-induced acute renal failure: an experimental model

E A Burdmann1, V Woronik, E B Prado

  • 1Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new animal model for acute renal failure (ARF) following snakebites. This model, using Bothrops jararaca venom in rats, mimics human ARF and helps study venom-induced kidney damage.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Toxicology
  • Veterinary Medicine

Background:

  • Acute renal failure (ARF) is a common complication of Viperidae snakebites.
  • A lack of reproducible animal models has hindered understanding of snakebite-induced renal damage mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a reproducible animal model for studying acute renal failure induced by snake venom.
  • To investigate the functional and morphological changes in the kidneys following envenomation.

Main Methods:

  • Intravenous injection of rats with Bothrops jararaca venom (0.4 mg/kg).
  • Assessment of renal function (glomerular filtration rate, diuresis, renal plasma flow).
  • Hematological analysis (hematocrit, fibrinogen, lactate dehydrogenase, free hemoglobin).

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  • Histopathological examination (light and electron microscopy) of renal tissues.

    • Main Results:

    • The model demonstrated decreased glomerular filtration rate, diuresis, and renal plasma flow.
    • Intravascular hemolysis was evident, indicated by decreased hematocrit and increased plasma lactate dehydrogenase and free hemoglobin.
    • Microscopy revealed significant fibrin deposition in glomeruli, tubular necrosis, and red blood cell casts.

    Conclusions:

    • A reproducible rat model for snakebite-induced acute renal failure was successfully established.
    • Glomerular coagulation and intravascular hemolysis are key factors in venom-induced renal dysfunction.
    • Direct venom nephrotoxicity cannot be ruled out as a contributing factor.