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Related Experiment Videos

Energy expenditure, aging and body composition

S B Roberts1, P Fuss, W J Evans

  • 1USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111.

The Journal of Nutrition
|February 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Adaptive energy expenditure changes are not key to energy balance in healthy young adults. Instead, daily nutrient intake control is the primary mechanism for maintaining energy balance.

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Area of Science:

  • Human Physiology
  • Metabolic Regulation
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Energy balance is crucial for maintaining healthy body weight.
  • Adaptive thermogenesis plays a role in energy expenditure regulation.
  • Understanding age-related differences in energy metabolism is important.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of adaptive energy expenditure in energy balance regulation.
  • To compare these responses in young and elderly men.
  • To determine the impact of overeating and undereating on energy expenditure.

Main Methods:

  • 39 healthy young and elderly men participated.
  • Participants underwent periods of overeating (approx. 4.2 MJ/d) and undereating (3.3 MJ/d) for 21 days.

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  • Total and resting energy expenditure, body composition, and nutrient intake were measured.

    • Main Results:

    • Young men deposited 85-90% of excess energy during overfeeding.
    • Body energy mobilization compensated for 65% of the deficit during underfeeding.
    • Resting metabolic rate changed with overfeeding and underfeeding, partly due to nutrient assimilation.

    Conclusions:

    • Adaptive energy expenditure variations are not the primary determinant of energy balance in normal-weight young adults.
    • Energy balance is mainly regulated by controlling nutrient intake on a daily basis.
    • Aging did not significantly affect these adaptive responses to energy intake changes.